Current International Contest Rules of Judo

The traditional rules of judo are intended provide a basis under which to test skill in Judo, while avoiding significant risk of injury to the competitors. Additionally, the rules are also intended to enforce proper reigi (etiquette).

Penalties may be given for being inactive during the match, or for using illegal techniques. Fighting must be stopped if a participant is outside the designated area on the mat (tatami). If the referee and judges need to discuss something during groundwork, the referee will call sono-mama (used in the sense "do not move", literally "as-is") and both fighters must stop in the position they are in. When they are done, the referee says yoshi and the match continues.

All scores and penalties are given by the referee. The judges can make a decision that changes the score or penalty given by the referee.

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History of competitive Judo (II)

The All-Japan Judo Championships (Zennihon judo senshuken taikai) were first held in 1930 and have been held every year, with the exception of the wartime period between 1941 and 1948, and continue to be the highest profile tournament in Japan.

Judo's international profile was boosted by the introduction of the World Judo Championships in 1956. The championships were initially a fairly small affair, with 31 athletes attending from 21 countries in the first year. Competitors were exclusively male until the introduction of the Women's Championships in 1980, which took place on alternate years to the Men's Championships. The championships were combined in 1987 to create an event that takes place annually, except for the years in which Olympic Games are held. Participation has steadily increased such that, in the most recent championships in 2011, 871 competitors from 132 countries took part.

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History of competitive Judo

Contest ( shiai) is a vitally important aspect of Judo. Early examples include the Kodokan Monthly Tournament (Tsukinami shiai) and the biannual Red and White Tournament (Kohaku jiai), both of which started in 1884 and continue to the present day.

In 1899 a committee of the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai chaired by Jigoro Kano drew up the first formal set of rules for Judo contests. Wins were by two ippons, awarded for throwing the opponent onto his back or by pinning them on their back for a "sufficient" amount of time or by submission. Submissions could be achieved via shime-waza or kansetsu-waza. Finger, toe and ankle locks were prohibited. Contests were set at 15 minutes long. In 1900, these rules were adopted by the Kodokan with amendments made to prohibit all joint locks for kyu grades and added wrist locks to the prohibited kansetsu-waza for dan grades. It was also stated that the ratio of tachi-waza to ne-waza should be between 70% to 80% for kyu grades and 60% to 70% for dan grades.

In 1916, additional rulings were brought in to further limit kansetsu waza with the prohibition of ashi garami and neck locks, as well as does jime. These were further added to in 1925, in response to Kosen Judo ( Kōsen jūdō), which concentrated on ne waza at the expense of tachi waza. The new rules banned all remaining joint locks except those applied to the elbow and prohibited the dragging down of an opponent to enter ne waza. Now for London Olympics, Olympic Judo Tickets are being sold at Sport Ticket Exchange at very cheap rates. You can buy any of Olympic Tickets especially Olympic Judo Tickets from very secure and guaranteed point Sport Ticket Exchange.

Judo Kata

Kata are pre-arranged patterns of techniques and in judo, with the exception of the Seiryoku-Zen'yo Kokumin-Taiiku, they are all practiced with a partner. Their purposes include illustrating the basic principles of judo, demonstrating the correct execution of a technique, teaching the philosophical tenets upon which judo is based, allowing for the practice of techniques that are not allowed in randori, and to preserve ancient techniques that are historically important but are no longer used in contemporary judo.

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Judo Free Practice (Randori)

Judo pedagogy emphasizes randori (literally "taking chaos", but meaning "free practice"). This term covers a variety of forms of practice, and the intensity at which it is carried out varies depending on intent and the level of expertise of the participants. At one extreme, is a compliant style of randori, known as Yakusoku geiko (prearranged practice), in which neither participant offers resistance to their partner's attempts to throw. A related concept is that of Sute geiko (throw-away practice), in which an experienced judoka allows himself to be thrown by his less-experienced partner. At the opposite extreme from yakusoku geiko is the hard style of randori that seeks to emulate the style of Judo seen in competition. While hard randori is the cornerstone of Judo, over-emphasis of the competitive aspect is seen as undesirable by traditionalists if the intent of the randori is to "win" rather than to learn.

Randori is usually limited to either tachi waza (standing techniques) or ne waza (ground work) and, when one partner is thrown in tachi waza randori, practice is resumed with both partners on their feet. Now for London Olympics, Olympic Judo Tickets are being sold at Sport Ticket Exchange at very cheap rates. You can buy any of Olympic Tickets especially Olympic Judo Tickets from very secure and guaranteed point Sport Ticket Exchange.

Judo Grappling Techniques (Katame-waza)

Katame-waza is further categorized into osaekomi-waza (holding techniques), in which tori traps and pins uke on his back on the floor; shime-waza (strangulation techniques), in which tori attempts to force a submission by choking or strangling uke; and kansetsu-waza (joint techniques), in which tori attempts to submit uke by painful manipulation of his joints.

A related concept is that of ne-waza (prone techniques), in which waza are applied from a non-standing position. Judo fans can buy Olympic Judo Tickets from Sport Ticket Exchange at very cheap rates. Sport Ticket Exchange offers you all sorts of Olympic Tickets especially Olympic Judo Tickets at very secure and guaranteed system. You can also earn entreating return at Olympic Tickets Resale.

Judo Throwing Techniques (Nage Waza)

Nage waza include all techniques in which tori attempts to throw or trip uke, usually with the aim of placing uke on his back. Each technique has three distinct stages:

• Kuzushi, the initial balance break;
• Tsukuri, the act of turning in and fitting into the throw;
• Kake, the execution and completion of the throw.

Nage waza are typically drilled by the use of uchi komi, repeated turning-in, taking the throw up to the point of kake. Traditionally, nage waza are further categorised into tachi-waza (standing techniques), throws that are performed with tori maintaining an upright position, and sutemi-waza (sacrifice techniques), throws in which tori sacrifices his upright position in order to throw uke.

Tachi-waza are further subdivided into te-waza (hand techniques), in which tori predominantly uses his arms to throw uke; koshi-waza (hip techniques) throws that predominantly use a lifting motion from the hips; and ashi-waza (foot and leg techniques), throws in which tori predominantly utilises his legs. Judo is most loved Olympic sport. Now for London Olympics, Olympic Judo Tickets are being sold at Sport Ticket Exchange at very cheap rates. You can buy any of Olympic Tickets especially Olympic Judo Tickets from very secure and guaranteed point Sport Ticket Exchange.

Judo Techniques

There are three basic categories of waza (techniques) in Judo: nage-waza (throwing techniques), katame-waza (grappling techniques) and atemi-waza (striking techniques). Judo is most known for nage-waza and katame-waza.

Judo practitioners typically devote a portion of each practice session to ukemi (break-falls), in order that nage-waza can be practiced without significant risk of injury. Several distinct types of ukemi exist, including ushiro ukemi (rear breakfalls); yoko ukemi (side breakfalls); mae ukemi (front breakfalls); and zenpo kaiten ukemi (rolling breakfalls)

The person who performs a waza is known as tori (literally "taker") and the person to whom it is performed is known as uke (literally "receiver").Judo fans can buy Olympic Judo Tickets from Sport Ticket Exchange at very cheap rates. Sport Ticket Exchange offers you all sorts of Olympic Tickets especially Olympic Judo Tickets at very secure and guaranteed system. You can also earn entreating return at Olympic Tickets Resale.

Founding of the Kodokan

In February 1882, Kano founded a school and dojo at the Eisho-ji, a Buddhist temple in what was then the Shitaya ward of Tokyo (now the Higashi Ueno district of Taitō ward). Iikubo, Kano's Kitō-ryū instructor, attended the dojo three days a week to help teach and, although two years would pass before the temple would be called by the name Kodokan ("place for expounding the way", and Kano had not yet received his Menkyo (certificate of mastery) in Kitō-ryū, this is now regarded as the Kodokan founding.

The Eisho-ji dojo was a relatively small affair, consisting of a twelve mat training area. Kano took in resident and non-resident students, the first two being Tsunejiro Tomita and Shiro Saigo.  In August, the following year, the pair were granted shodan (first rank) grades, the first that had been awarded in any martial art.

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The Fonder of Judo (II)

In 1877, as a student at the Tokyo-Kaisei school soon to become part of the newly-founded Tokyo Imperial University, Kano learned that many jujutsu teachers had been forced to pursue alternative careers, frequently opening Seikotsu-in (traditional osteopathy practices). After inquiring at a number of these, Kano was referred to Fukuda Hachinosuke (c.1828–1880), a teacher of the Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū of jujutsu, who had a small nine mat dojo where he taught five students. Fukuda is said to have emphasized technique over formal exercise, sowing the seeds of Kano's emphasis on randori (randori?, free practice) in Judo.

On Fukuda's death in 1880, Kano, who had become his keenest and most able student in both randori and kata (katapre-arranged forms), was given the densho (scrolls) of the Fukuda dojo. Kano chose to continue his studies at another Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū school, that of Iso Masatomo (c.1820–1881). Iso placed more emphasis on the practice of kata, and entrusted randori instruction to assistants, increasingly to Kano. Iso died in June 1881 and Kano went on to study at the dojo of Iikubo Tsunetoshi (1835–1889) of Kitō-ryū. Like Fukuda, Iikubo placed much emphasis on randori, with Kitō-ryū having a greater focus on nage-waza (throwing techniques).

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